Showing posts with label Research. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Research. Show all posts

Friday, July 10, 2009

Hunt for the Memristor [AI]



Currently we are stuck in a lo-fi era of AI (Artificial Intelligence) that shouldn't even be called AI. Our current systems are limited to strict sets of data and extremely specific rules in order to get decent results. Below is an excerpt from a great article giving hope to AI that would truly deserve the AI title.


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Memristor minds: The future of artificial intelligence

EVER had the feeling something is missing? If so, you're in good company. Dmitri Mendeleev did in 1869 when he noticed four gaps in his periodic table. They turned out to be the undiscovered elements scandium, gallium, technetium and germanium. Paul Dirac did in 1929 when he looked deep into the quantum-mechanical equation he had formulated to describe the electron. Besides the electron, he saw something else that looked rather like it, but different. It was only in 1932, when the electron's antimatter sibling, the positron, was sighted in cosmic rays that such a thing was found to exist.

In 1971, Leon Chua had that feeling. A young electronics engineer with a penchant for mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley, he was fascinated by the fact that electronics had no rigorous mathematical foundation. So like any diligent scientist, he set about trying to derive one.

And he found something missing: a fourth basic circuit element besides the standard trio of resistor, capacitor and inductor. Chua dubbed it the "memristor". The only problem was that as far as Chua or anyone else could see, memristors did not actually exist...

...read more

Friday, April 18, 2008

The scientifically most annoying song


Listen Now »


Russian-American artists Vitaly Komar and Alex Melamid took an online poll in the '90s to find out which musical elements people found the most irritating. Then they did the unthinkable: they combined the least popular elements into a single monstrosity, specifically engineered to sound as unpleasant to as many people as possible. The song is not new; it recently resurfaced on Dial "M" for Musicology.

Amazingly, this "most unwanted song" contains little dissonance -- that would have been too easy. For the most part, they seem to have tried to assemble these elements in a listenable way.

Komar and Melamid's list of undesirable elements included holiday music, bagpipes, a pipe organ, a children's chorus and the concept of children in general (really?), Wal-Mart, cowboys, political jingoism, George Stephanopoulos, Coca Cola, bossanova synths, banjo ferocity, harp glissandos, oompah-ing tubas and much, much more. It's actually a fascinating listen, worthwhile for the opera rapping alone. (We didn't think that was possible either.)

[article and description found at Listening Station »]

Thursday, March 27, 2008

Improve your memory

I have been looking into ways to improve my memory. I have to face the fact that it's just not as good as I want it to be. Here are a few tips I have gathered from articles and videos. To save you from having to listen to all the waist I give you the list:

• Don't Multi-task, focus on one thing at a time
• Meditate five minutes or more a day
• Eat less sugar, you get enough from regular meals
• Drink lots of water
• Try new things
• Drink one glass of wine occasionally
• Get a decent amount of sleep
• Don't smoke
• Reduce stress
• Reduce depression
• Talk & Gossip
• Eat lots of fish, the amino acids help the brain
• Avoid eating lots of fish, because of mercury
• Avoid cooking in aluminum pans, because it's known to cause alzheimer's
• Try to remember some things that you normally let other things remember for you.
• Try to engage a crossword puzzle, solitaire type game, or book, etc. for 15 minutes a day.

Tuesday, January 29, 2008

Recumbent Bikes - Research

I recently became obsessed with the idea of recumbent bikes. The biggest draw for me was to feel like I was riding a go-cart. Other benefits include better visibility to cars and easier on the body than a regular bike. Learn more about the specific benefits and drawbacks at wikipedia ».

These two articles also help explain the advantages and disadvantages of various configurations of recumbent's:
FAQ >>
Part I - Why A Recumbent >>
Part II - Which Recumbent >>


Challenge Bikes - Trike Concept XT $3800 (33lbs / Wheelbase 46")

Below are some recommendations for serious recumbent bikes. My criteria for finding these bikes was:
• Highest quality / No price limit
• Low profile / Sport / Light weight
• Options (Rear Suspension / Foldable / etc.)
• Good looking :)

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2 Wheelers
Benefits - 10lbs lighter than recumbent trikes on average.
Drawbacks - Harder to stop, start and balance...especially up hill.

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Challenge Bikes - Seiran SL $3200 (23lbs / USS optional / Wheelbase 49.2")

Challenge Bikes - Fujin SL II $3700 (19lbs / Wheelbase 48.8")

Challenge Bikes - Mistral SL $3300 (24lbs / USS optional / Rear Suspension / Wheelbase 43.3")

Challenge Bikes - Hurricane SL $3500 (24lbs / Rear Suspension / Wheelbase 42.1")

HP Velotechnik - Speedmachine $3100 (32lbs / Wheelbase 46" / Full Suspension / USS optional)


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Trikes
Benefits - Easier to stop and start as well as going up hill.
Drawbacks - 10lbs heavier than 2 wheel recumbent's on average.
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Catrike - Pocket $2000 (29lbs / Wheelbase 35")

Catrike - 700 $2700 (33lbs / Wheelbase 45")

Trice Q - With a hardshell seat $3000 (36lbs / Foldable / Rear Suspension / Wheelbase 42")

Challenge Bikes - Trike Concept XT $3800 (33lbs / Wheelbase 46")

Greenspeed - GTS $5000 (35lbs / Wheelbase 41.3")

HP Velotechnik - Scorpion FX $3100 (38lbs / Wheelbase 40" / Full Suspension / Foldable)

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Local Dealers (Bay Area):
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Recumbent Bikes & Trikes by CVC - SF
www.recumbents-cvc.com - (415) 221-3601

Zach Kaplan Recumbents - Alameda
M-F by appointment only: (510) 522-2368

Challenge Bikes Dealer (Woodland, CO)
www.angletechcycles.com - (800) 793-3038

Sunday, January 13, 2008

SmartPen Wars

Currently there are five smart pens on the market. They all use a similar methods to capture handwriting and audio input, but they all have varying features prices and add-ons.

What do they do?
All the pens feature the ability to convert handwritten notes into text and view drawings. Some pens also record and play audio. The ability to search and edit handwritten notes is the obvious reason to get one of these. All pens come with software to get access to the media you write and record. The Wowpen is the first I have found that acts as an interface for a computer. Meaning you can use it like a mouse or a drawing tool. And the Iogear pen is the first to not require special paper.

How do they work?
The pen has a memory card, small processor and laser scanner built into a regular ink pen. When you write on special paper covered in tiny dots (Iogear pen does not requre special paper), the laser within the pen scans your movement and translates that into an image that is stored on the memory card. When your done, you can use the included software to view your drawings or search and edit words that you wrote. Pen makers also provide ink replacements.

Where do you get the special paper?
Each pen maker provides various sizes of notebooks that include the tiny dots and some allow you to print your own paper at home.

Which pen is the best?
Choosing between these pens is difficult without directly using and comparing the actual product. It's easy to compare specifications, but the actual thing is often very different. For instance how well does each pen correctly analyze your handwriting? Or how easy is it to record and retrieve what you write?

Based on the fact that I only have the available specs to go by, if you own a PC, the FLY Fusion Pentop Computer seems to have the most features for the price. As an Apple user, I myself am on the waiting list for the Livescribe Pen. This pen seems to be better than the others, but time will tell.

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Iogear Digital Pen
Cost: $130
OS: XP & Vista
Memory: 50 pages
Unlike all other digital pens, this one allows you to write on any surface. No special paper is required.
Built-in features:
• No special notepad, digital pad, or ink is required
• Included handwriting recognition software (OCR software) turns your handwriting into digital text
• Full editing capabilities allow you to easily modify your notes
• Write on any paper up to Letter or A4 size
• 12 Language OCR Support (English, Spanish, Traditional/Simplified Chinese, French, Dutch, Italian, German, Portuguese, Swedish, Korean, Japanese, and Russian)

Livescribe Pen
Cost: $150-200
OS: Apple OS X, Microsoft XP & Vista (OSX software will be released the 2nd half of 2008)
Memory: 1GB (over 100 hours recording time or
16,000 pages of digital notes) or 2GB (over 200 hours recording time or
32,000 pages of digital notes)
Allows you to print your own paper at home so you don't have to buy there notebooks just to write. They also provide SDKs for developers that want to create there own applications for the pen. Livescribe uses Anoto Group AB technology.
Built-in features:
• Solves written math problems.
• Spoken dictionary description of written words.
• Post text and audio to a blog directly from the pen.
• Can record audio with written notes for better note taking.
• Tap on previous notes from your notebook to hear audio recorded at that time.

FLY Fusion Pentop Computer
Cost: $80
OS: Windows XP & Vista
Memory: 6mb (Optional 64mb upgrade)
Integration: Microsoft Office.
Features that require additional software:
• Translation: Write in English and hear the word in Spanish or French.
• Audio: Record, Download & Listen to MP3s on the pen.
• Calculator: Write the equation and let the pen tell you the answer.
• Many other sofware add-ons are available here »

Logitech IO2 Digital Pen
Cost: $150
OS: Microsoft XP & Vista
Memory: 1mb
Storage: 40 pages of notes, up to 200 separate documents. 25 pages before it needs charging.
Integration: Microsoft Office, Lotus, Eudora, AOL.
Audio: None

Nokia Digital Pen SU-27W
Cost: $175
OS: Microsoft XP & Vista
MMS/SMS: Send SMS and MMS messages via bluetooth connection to a Nokia Series 60 and Series 80 mobile phone.
Memory: 1.3mb
Storage: 3 hours of note taking, 20 hours standby, Can hold 100 pages of notes.
Audio: None.

Wowpen
Cost: $150
OS: Microsoft XP & Vista
Memory: None, just acts as an interface for a computer.
Audio: None.
Includes two assignable buttons for a left and right click. Also includes the ability to use pen or mouse mode (similar to a wacom tablet).

Wednesday, January 2, 2008

How to choose an air filter

I spent the past few hours looking for air filters, read some how-to's, looked at several comparison sites, product sites and wiki's. Below are my results on what too look for in a air filtration system.


Types of Air Filtration:
HEPA - a specially designed filter effective against many particles. Ignore products that say "HEPA-type" or "HEPA-like". There is only one HEPA certification.

Ionic - electronically charges particles causing them to attract to collector plates or fall to the floor. These work better if they have a fan built in. Some of these units produce ozone. Trace amounts are fine, and units that produce large amounts are illegal now in California.

UV Lamp (Photocatalytic oxidation [PCO]) - effective against living microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria. Some air filters have the lamps inside the unit (see: Alen).

Ozone Generator - creates ozone which seeks out contaminants. Stay away from air purifiers that create ozone as a by-product of the air purification process. Ozone is in no way, shape, or form good for the human body.

Carbon Filter - removes chemicals, fumes, and smoke



Things to look for in an air filter:
  • Noise output (dBA) - Quiet doesn't mean that it cleans the air better. If you are sensitive to the noise, leaving it on while your at work could be a good alternative.
  • Type of filter (HEPA / Ionic / UV) - See type list above for more info.
  • High Warranty - The warranty varies dramatically from unit to unit.
  • Room Size (sq ft) - The coverage measurement for air filters is in square feet and not cubic feet. My assumption is that they are setting this based on the average ceiling height for home around 10 feet high. Since vaulted ceilings have more air, factor that extra space in best you can. It's better to over do it than to under do it. Also account for odd floor layouts that may inhibit airflow. Small units in each room will do much better than one large unit in a house. If you have bad allergies or asthma cut in half what the unit says it covers.
  • Filter Replacement / Cost - The price of filters can vary dramatically from unit to unit.
  • Filter change indicator light (nice to have) - most high-end units have these.
  • Look for energy star or energy efficient units - most high-end units have similar enery consumption.


Recommended Units:
These recommendations were chosen because they have the highest standards and maximum coverage. The coverage usually sets the price and each company offers varying options for and specialties. For instance, the company Alen offers units specifically for filtering air that has unusually high gas levels. I chose to stick with the basic air purifiers for homes instead of going into the industrial application area. This site (air-purifiers-america.com) is a good place to browse for more units and here is a test they did to compare top units from the leading brands »

Alen A375UV Ultra - $499
Coverage: 800 sq ft
Type: HEPA + Ionic + UV (I love that this one has built in UV!)
Size: Small & Compact
Style: Ugly (Like an 80s robot in a plastic tuxedo)
Noise Level: 35-65 dBA
Warranty: Lifetime
HEPA Replacement Filter: 6-9 months - $49

IQAir HealthPro Compact - $649
Coverage: 900 sq ft
Type: HEPA
Size: Medium
Style: Awkward (Like a 90s version of a plastic art deco porta-potty)
Noise Level: 72 dBA
Warranty: 5 yr
Pre-filter Replacement: 6-18 months - $69
HEPA Replacement Filter: 2-4 years - $189

BlueAir 601 - $599
Coverage: 680 sq ft
Type: HEPA + Electrostatic
Size: Medium
Style: Well Designed
Noise Level: 32-68 dBA
Warranty: 10 yr
HEPA Replacement Filter: 6-9 months - $79

BlueAir 501 - $499
Coverage: 550 sq ft
Type: HEPA + Electrostatic
Size: Large
Style: Well Designed
Noise Level: 32-68 dBA
Warranty: 10 yr
HEPA Replacement Filter: 6-9 months - $79



Size Comparison:

View full size comparison »




I might get one of these for my small office that is blocked from air circulation. Since it doesn't have a timer, I would get an outlet timer so it turns on when I'm not around.
Alen T100 Desktop - $149
Coverage: 125 sq ft
Type: HEPA + Electrostatic
Size: Tiny
Style: Well Designed
Noise Level: N/A (probably much quieter than the larger units)
Warranty: Lifetime
HEPA Replacement Filter: 6-9 months - $79

How to choose an air filter / How to pick an air filter / How to find an air filter